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basis of our ethical judgments. As principles, when reduced to their ontological roots, they are
considered to be the beginning aspects of God, a supraordinate reality mightier than the individual. The
psychotherapist is required to deal empirically with good and evil, although that does not imply
relativizing the principles as such. Nevertheless, he must deal with good and evil in terms of the
individual, not as a moral code, for the reality of these two concepts can only be perceived and
apprehended in specific things and situations, whereas conventional morality, like the principles of
physics, is only statistically valid. A brief discussion of the Eastern attitude towards good and evil leads
to the conclusion that the healthy individual is one who is capable of seeing both the light and the dark
side of his nature simultaneously, thus being freed of the control of the opposites.
000330 Introduction to Toni Wolff's "Studies in Jungian Psychology." In: Jung, C., Collected
Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 10. 2nd ed., Princeton University Press, 1970. 609 p. (p. 469-476).
In the introduction to Wolff's "Studies in Jungian Psychology," several of the problems discussed in the
book as being endemic to analytic psychology are reviewed. One such problem is seen to arise from the
fact that a large part of the therapeutic work in analytic psychology takes place on the collective level
and thus avoids a discussion of individual differences. Another is that the analyst often uses his own
prejudice as the criterion for normality. As president of the Psychological Club of Zurich, Wolff noticed
that it is the nature of groups to entice their members into mutual imitation and dependence. She used
observations of the workings of her own club as the basis for several essays that deal in general, with
group psychology, and, in particular, with how the group reduces individual consciousness.
000331 The Swiss line in the European spectrum. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol.
10. 2nd ed., Princeton University Press, 1970. 609 p. (p. 479-488).
Count Hermann Keyserling's book, "The Spectrum of Europe," is reviewed with special emphasis on
his assessment of Switzerland. The chief value of this book is seen to be that it argues against the purely
rational point of view. Keyserling advocates a return to a psychological view of the world, where nations
are seen as functions of a great, indivisible man. This cosmic view of humanity is judged to be basically
idealistic, not to say I L metaphysical," and is indisputable proof of Keyserling's remotness from the
earth. Keyserling's criticism of Switzerland as the most backward, conservative, stiffnecked, self-
righteous, smug, and churlish of all European nations is admitted to be essentially corTect, however, as
such it is the psychological and geographical center of the European. In its connection with the past and
its neutrality, Switzerland is called the center of gravity for Europe. Keyserling's transformation of
nations into functions destroys their fictitious substance and places them into the context of a functional
system where the needs of the whole of Europe are to be considered. Men everywhere are urged not to
attempt to change the character of their respective nations, but rather to transcend it.
000332 The rise of a new world. In: Jung, C., Collected Works of C. G. Jung, Vol. 10. 2nd ed.,
Princeton University Press, 1970. 609 p. (p. 489-495).
Count Hermann Keyserling's book, "America Set Free," is reviewed and judged to be as concerned with
Europe as it is with America. Keyserling sees America with European prejudices and hence the
objective accuracy of many of his observations and conclusions are considered suspect. Nevertheless
they are viewed as important reflections about European sensibility. The book's subtitle, "The Rise of a
New World," the theme of the work, is seen as referring not only to America but to the entire Western
world. Keyserting is considered to be the mouthpiece of the collective spirit; his prophecy about the rise
of a new consciousness, a new world view, is accepted as an accurate, though unintentional, assessment
of the change taking place deep within modem man's unconscious. Many quotations from the book are
included in the review to give the flavor and scope of Keyserting's observations. Particular attention is
given to Keyserling's views that America does not yet have a soul; that it is a land of the overrated child;
that the high living standard is the mainspring of its morality. It is suggested that the comments on the
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